苏通GIL运输专用机具动力电池类型探讨

GIL运输专用机具是为安全、可靠、高效地完成苏通GIL综合管廊工程GIL单元的运输任务而研制的专用机具,其中动力电池系统设计是整机设计的重点之一。通过对各种常见动力电池优缺点的分析,并结合苏通GIL运输专用机具对动力电池的需求分析,确定了动力电池系统的技术路线,为苏通GIL运输专用机具的研制提供了坚实的基础。     

红土镍矿冶金技术研究进展

如今世界经济迅猛发展,金属镍的需求量也在加速增长。人们主要从硫化镍矿和红土镍矿中提炼金属镍。然而硫化镍矿资源因大规模开发而不断减少,红土镍矿未来将成为镍的主要来源。因此研究红土镍矿的高效开发利用,是当今围绕镍资源研究的热点,对实际生产具有重要的现实意义。本文简要介绍了镍的应用、开发红土镍矿的意义、红土镍矿的矿物学特性、红土镍矿世界范围内的储量和分布,并且列举并分析了红土镍矿的各种冶炼工艺及其优点与不足,同时综述了有关红土镍矿研究的新方法,为红土镍矿高附加值综合利用研究提出思路。     

Effect of the sintering temperature on microstructure and properties of Al2O3–Cu–Ni hybrid composites obtained by PPS

In the present research, the influence of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of Al₂O₃–Cu–Ni hybrid composites prepared by the Pulse Plasma Sintering (PPS) technique were described. In this research, three temperatures have been selected: 1250°C, 1300°C, and 1350°C. SEM observations were carried out to determine the distribution of the metallic phase in the composite depending on the sintering temperature. The conducted experiments and microscopic observations enabled a better understanding of the phenomena occurring between the ceramic matrix and metallic phase in the obtained materials. The mechanical properties like a hardness and fracture toughness were measured. The technology applied allowed us to obtain ceramic-metal composites with a homogeneous microstructure. It was found that the sintering temperature influences the selected physical and mechanical properties of the composites produced. It was found that samples produced at 1300°C are characterized by the highest relative density and the mechanical properties.     

海藻酸钙固定化零价铁抗团聚及堵塞的作用机制

以海藻酸钠（SA）、氯化钙、微米零价铁（MZVI）为原料，制备了海藻酸钙（CA）固定化MZVI填料（CAZ），通过静态烧杯实验和动态PRB模型实验，探讨了CA运用对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除性能的影响，并通过电镜扫描分析了CA避免团聚、堵塞机制。实验结果表明，CA凝胶颗粒的运用能显著提升MZVI的除Cr(Ⅵ)性能，CAZ相比MZVI对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率和反应速率分别提升7.1倍、23.0倍；MZVI利用率的提高是CAZ反应器处理Cr(Ⅵ)水量显著大于MZVI反应器的主要原因，MZVI反应速率的提高是CAZ反应器出水Cr(Ⅵ)浓度显著低于MZVI反应器的主要原因。电镜扫描结果表明，SA与氯化钙交联形成的CA具有丰富的骨架孔道结构，具有骨架支撑作用，能有效克服MZVI颗粒因重力作用导致团聚、降低比表面积的缺陷。CA表层固定的MZVI颗粒与Cr(Ⅵ)反应生成的(Fe_xCr_1-x)(OH)₃ 络合沉淀会冲破CA表层外壳，释放到零价铁-渗透反应墙（Fe⁰-PRB）系统中，导致PRB反应初期出现堵塞现象；大部分MZVI颗粒被固定在CA内部，CA内部有较多孔隙结构，这些孔隙结构会控制(Fe_xCr_1-x)(OH)₃ 络合沉淀释放，从而缓解了Fe⁰-PRB后期长期运行持续堵塞的问题。     

不同pH环境下CMS改性纳米铁在异质多孔介质中的迁移

纳米铁在污染土壤和地下水的修复中受到广泛关注。为进一步探究其在多孔介质的迁移行为，本研究采用羧甲基淀粉钠（CMS）对纳米零价铁（nZVI）进行包覆，进行了改性纳米零价铁的沉降试验，测量zeta电位与粒径分布探究其分散性；进行了不同pH条件下改性纳米零价铁在酸洗砂与水洗砂的柱实验，分析了化学异质性与pH对纳米铁在多孔介质迁移的影响。结果表明，CMS包覆纳米铁不仅使纳米颗粒本身稳定，而且还减少其在多孔介质表面沉积，大大提高了迁移性。pH=6～8时，nZVI的zeta电位由18.3mV减小到2.9mV，有效粒径由685nm增大到880nm，稳定性变差；而CMS-nZVI的zeta电位值由-19.7mV增大到-53.5mV，颗粒间静电排斥力增强稳定性变好。经能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）分析，水洗砂表面存在碳、铝、铁等氧化物杂质，这些杂质带有正电荷，会增强与带负电的CMS-nZVI的吸附作用，不利于其迁移；而经过酸洗后的石英砂，其表面杂质大大减少，在pH=8时，CMS-nZVI在酸洗砂最大迁移率为77.0%要好于水洗砂的63.0%。此外较高pH环境有助于增加石英砂介质的表面负电荷，减少颗粒与介质的吸附，促进纳米颗粒的迁移。     

Mixed-Metal MOF-74 Templated Catalysts for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Capture and Methanation

The vast chemical and structural tunability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are beginning to be harnessed as functional supports for catalytic nanoparticles spanning a range of applications. However, a lack of straightforward methods for producing nanoparticle-encapsulated MOFs as efficient heterogeneous catalysts limits their usage. Herein, a mixed-metal MOF, NiMg-MOF-74, is utilized as a template to disperse small Ni nanoclusters throughout the parent MOF. By exploiting the difference in Ni O and Mg O coordination bond strength, Ni²⁺ is selectively reduced to form highly dispersed Ni nanoclusters constrained by the parent MOF pore diameter, while Mg²⁺ remains coordinated in the framework. By varying the ratio of Ni to Mg in the parent MOF, accessible surface area and crystallinity can be tuned upon thermal treatment, influencing CO₂ adsorption capacity and hydrogenation selectivity. The resulting Ni nanoclusters prove to be an active catalyst for CO₂ methanation and are examined using extended X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By preserving a segment of the Mg²⁺-containing MOF framework, the composite system retains a portion of its CO₂ adsorption capacity while continuing to deliver catalytic activity. The approach is thus critical for designing materials that can bridge the gap between carbon capture and CO₂ utilization.     

Influence of niobium and molybdenum addition on microstructure and wear behavior of laser-borided layers produced on Nimonic 80A-alloy

Laser alloying was used for production of thick layers on surface of Nimonic 80A-alloy. For laser surface modification, three types of pre-coated pastes were applied: with amorphous boron, with amorphous boron and molybdenum as well as with amorphous boron and niobium. The microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of produced layers were studied in details. The presence of different types of borides in re-melted zone depended on the paste composition and caused an increase in hardness up to about HV 1000. The wear resistance was evaluated by calculation of mass wear intensity factor I_mw and relative mass loss of specimen and counter-specimen. The wear behavior of the tested frictional pairs was determined by 3D interference microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with EDS microanalyzer. The significant increase in abrasive wear resistance was observed in comparison to untreated Nimonic 80A-alloy. The lowest mass loss intensity factor was characteristic of laser-alloyed Nimonic 80A-alloy with boron and niobium (I_mw=1.234 mg/(cm²·h)). Laser alloyed-layers indicated abrasive wear mechanism with clearly visible grooves. Laser alloying with boron and niobium resulted in the additional oxidative wear mechanism. In this case, EDS patterns revealed presence of oxygen on the worn surface of specimen.     

高镁镍渣-磷石膏基复合胶凝材料的制备与性能评价

采用机械研磨的方式将高镁镍渣（HMNS）和磷石膏（PG）筛分至不同粒度，评价了掺不同粒度高镁镍渣和磷石膏复合胶凝材料的力学性能，并对强度形成机制进行了分析。评价了各种配比下浆体的抗压强度和体积稳定性，并分析了其作用机制。试验表明：以HMNS∶PG∶富钙硅质材料ZL=5.4∶3.6∶1配比制得试样的28 d抗压强度为4.43 MPa；室温环境下养护56 d，SP6线性收缩为1.02×10-3 mm/mm，体积稳定性优良；水化产物Ca(OH)2更少，Ca（OH）2与HMNS-PG体系反应生成了CSH凝胶和AFt，结构更为稳定。     

硫酸镍煅烧的实验研究

硫酸镍煅烧可以产生镍氧化物,作为制备氧化镍的原料。以六水硫酸镍为原料,采用热重-差热分析（TG-DTA）、X射线衍射（XRD）分析研究了其煅烧过程并对产物进行了表征。研究结果表明,硫酸镍煅烧过程分为3个阶段：第一阶段（27~250 ℃）及第二阶段（250~600 ℃）为脱水阶段;第三阶段（600~900 ℃）为分解阶段。在煅烧温度为850 ℃、煅烧时间为30 min、粒度为74~147 μm条件下,硫酸镍煅烧产物为氧化镍。